Heirs in dhamma

0.1Majjhima Nikāya 3

0.1The Middle Length Discourses 3

0.2Dhammadāyādasutta

0.2Heirs in dhamma

1.1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—

1.1Thus have I heard—

1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

1.2At one time the Bhagavā was dwelling at Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s park.

1.3Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

1.3There the Bhagavā addressed the bhikkhus:

1.4“bhikkhavo”ti.

1.4“bhikkhus.”

1.5“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.

1.5“Bhante,” those bhikkhus replied to the Bhagavā.

1.6Bhagavā etadavoca:

1.6The Bhagavā said this:

2.1“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.

2.1“Be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], bhikkhus, not my heirs in material things.

2.2Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:

2.2I have compassion for you:

2.3‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.

2.3‘How might my disciples be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not my heirs in material things?’

2.4Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha:

2.4And if you were my heirs in material things, bhikkhus, not my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], you too would be criticized because of that:

2.5‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti;

2.5‘The teacher’s disciples dwell as heirs in material things, not as heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā].’

2.6ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṁ:

2.6And I too would be criticized because of that:

2.7‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti.

2.7‘The teacher’s disciples dwell as heirs in material things, not as heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā].’

2.8Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha:

2.8And if you were my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], bhikkhus, not my heirs in material things, you too would not be criticized because of that:

2.9‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti;

2.9‘The teacher’s disciples dwell as heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not as heirs in material things.’

2.10ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṁ:

2.10And I too would not be criticized because of that:

2.11‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti.

2.11‘The teacher’s disciples dwell as heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not as heirs in material things.’

2.12Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.

2.12Therefore, bhikkhus, be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not my heirs in material things.

2.13Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:

2.13I have compassion for you:

2.14‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.

2.14‘How might my disciples be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not my heirs in material things?’

3.1Idhāhaṁ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṁ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;

3.1Here, bhikkhus, suppose I had eaten, declined further offerings, become full, finished, satisfied as much as needed;

3.2siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.

3.2and there were for me almsfood that was extra, fit to be thrown away.

3.3Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṁ jighacchādubbalyaparetā.

3.3Then two bhikkhus might come, afflicted by hunger and weakness.

3.4Tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ:

3.4Then I might say this:

3.5‘ahaṁ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;

3.5‘bhikkhus, I have eaten, declined further offerings, become full, finished, satisfied as much as needed;

3.6atthi ca me ayaṁ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.

3.6and I have this almsfood, extra, fit to be thrown away.

3.7Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha, idānāhaṁ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti.

3.7If you wish, eat it. But if you do not eat it, I will now throw it away where there is little greenery, or sink it in water without living creatures.’

3.8Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa:

3.8Then one bhikkhu might think:

3.9‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;

3.9‘The Bhagavā has eaten, declined further offerings, become full, finished, satisfied as much as needed;

3.10atthi cāyaṁ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.

3.10and this almsfood of the Bhagavā is extra, fit to be thrown away.

3.11Sace mayaṁ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati.

3.11If we do not eat it, the Bhagavā will now throw it away where there is little greenery, or sink it in water without living creatures.

3.12Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā:

3.12But this was said by the Bhagavā:

3.13“dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā”ti.

3.13“Be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], bhikkhus, not my heirs in material things.”

3.14Āmisaññataraṁ kho panetaṁ, yadidaṁ piṇḍapāto.

3.14And this almsfood, after all, is certainly a material thing.

3.15Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ piṇḍapātaṁ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṁ imaṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyyan’ti.

3.15What if, without eating this almsfood, I were to pass this day and night with this very hunger and weakness?’

3.16So taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya.

3.16Without eating that almsfood, he would pass that day and night with that very hunger and weakness.

3.17Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa:

3.17Then the second bhikkhu might think:

3.18‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;

3.18‘The Bhagavā has eaten, declined further offerings, become full, finished, satisfied as much as needed;

3.19atthi cāyaṁ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.

3.19and this almsfood of the Bhagavā is extra, fit to be thrown away.

3.20Sace mayaṁ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati.

3.20If we do not eat it, the Bhagavā will now throw it away where there is little greenery, or sink it in water without living creatures.

3.21Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ imaṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyyan’ti.

3.21What if I were to eat this almsfood, dispel hunger and weakness, and thus pass this day and night?’

3.22So taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya.

3.22Having eaten that almsfood and dispelled hunger and weakness, he would pass that day and night.

3.23Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṁsataro ca.

3.23Even though that bhikkhu, bhikkhus, having eaten that almsfood and dispelled hunger and weakness, would pass that day and night thus, still that former bhikkhu is more honored and more praised by me.

3.24Taṁ kissa hetu?

3.24Why is that?

3.25Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṁ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṁvattissati.

3.25Because that will lead, for that bhikkhu, for a long time, to wanting little, contentment, effacement, being easy to support, and the arousing of energy.

3.26Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.

3.26Therefore, bhikkhus, be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not my heirs in material things.

3.27Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:

3.27I have compassion for you:

3.28‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’”ti.

3.28‘How might my disciples be my heirs in dhamma [dhammadāyādā], not my heirs in material things?’”

4.1Idamavoca bhagavā.

4.1This is what the Bhagavā said.

4.2Idaṁ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṁ pāvisi.

4.2Having said this, the Fortunate One rose from his seat and entered his dwelling.

4.3Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi:

4.3Then, not long after the Bhagavā had left, Venerable Sāriputta addressed the bhikkhus:

4.4“āvuso bhikkhave”ti.

4.4“Friends, bhikkhus.”

4.5“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṁ.

4.5“Friend,” those bhikkhus replied to Venerable Sāriputta.

4.6Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca:

4.6Venerable Sāriputta said this:

5.1“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī”ti?

5.1“To what extent, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], do the disciples not train in seclusion [viveka], and to what extent, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], do the disciples train in seclusion [viveka]?”

5.2“Dūratopi kho mayaṁ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṁ.

5.2“Even from far away, friend, we come to the presence of Venerable Sāriputta to understand the meaning of this statement.

5.3Sādhu vatāyasmantaṁyeva sāriputtaṁ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho;

5.3May the meaning of this statement occur to Venerable Sāriputta himself.

5.4āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti.

5.4Having heard it from Venerable Sāriputta, the bhikkhus will remember it.”

5.5“Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.

5.5“Then, friends, listen and pay careful attention; I will speak.”

5.6“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṁ.

5.6“Yes, friend,” those bhikkhus replied to Venerable Sāriputta.

5.7Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca:

5.7Venerable Sāriputta said this:

6.1“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti?

6.1“To what extent, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], do the disciples not train in seclusion [viveka]?

6.2Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti,

6.2Here, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples do not train in seclusion [viveka]:

6.3yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti,

6.3the teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they do not abandon those dhammas;

6.4bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā.

6.4they are indulgent, lax, taking the lead in backsliding, having laid down the burden when it comes to seclusion [paviveke].

6.5Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.

6.5There, friends, elder bhikkhus are blameworthy in three respects.

6.6‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhantī’ti—

6.6‘While the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples do not train in seclusion [viveka]’—

6.7iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.7by this first respect elder bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.8‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti—

6.8‘The teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they do not abandon those dhammas’—

6.9iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.9by this second respect elder bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.10‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti—

6.10‘They are indulgent, lax, taking the lead in backsliding, having laid down the burden when it comes to seclusion [paviveke]’—

6.11iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.11by this third respect elder bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.12Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.

6.12Elder bhikkhus, friends, are blameworthy in these three respects.

6.13Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe…

6.13There, friends, middle-ranking bhikkhus … new bhikkhus are blameworthy in three respects.

6.14navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.

6.14New bhikkhus are blameworthy in three respects.

6.15‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhantī’ti—

6.15‘While the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples do not train in seclusion [viveka]’—

6.16iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.16by this first respect new bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.17‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti—

6.17‘The teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they do not abandon those dhammas’—

6.18iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.18by this second respect new bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.19‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti—

6.19‘They are indulgent, lax, taking the lead in backsliding, having laid down the burden when it comes to seclusion [paviveke]’—

6.20iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.

6.20by this third respect new bhikkhus are blameworthy.

6.21Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.

6.21New bhikkhus, friends, are blameworthy in these three respects.

6.22Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti.

6.22To this extent, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples do not train in seclusion [viveka].

7.1Kittāvatā ca panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti?

7.1And to what extent, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], do the disciples train in seclusion [viveka]?

7.2Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti—

7.2Here, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples train in seclusion [viveka]:

7.3yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti;

7.3the teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they abandon those dhammas;

7.4na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā.

7.4and they are not indulgent, not lax; they have laid down the burden of backsliding and take the lead in seclusion [paviveke].

7.5Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.5There, friends, elder bhikkhus are praiseworthy in three respects.

7.6‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti—

7.6‘While the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples train in seclusion [viveka]’—

7.7iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.7by this first respect elder bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.8‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti—

7.8‘The teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they abandon those dhammas’—

7.9iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.9by this second respect elder bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.10‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti—

7.10‘They are not indulgent, not lax; they have laid down the burden of backsliding and take the lead in seclusion [paviveke]’—

7.11iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.11by this third respect elder bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.12Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.12Elder bhikkhus, friends, are praiseworthy in these three respects.

7.13Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe…

7.13There, friends, middle-ranking bhikkhus … new bhikkhus are praiseworthy in three respects.

7.14navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.14New bhikkhus are praiseworthy in three respects.

7.15‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti—

7.15‘While the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples train in seclusion [viveka]’—

7.16iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.16by this first respect new bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.17‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti—

7.17‘The teacher speaks of abandoning certain dhammas, and they abandon those dhammas’—

7.18iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.18by this second respect new bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.19‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti—

7.19‘They are not indulgent, not lax; they have laid down the burden of backsliding and take the lead in seclusion [paviveke]’—

7.20iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.20by this third respect new bhikkhus are praiseworthy.

7.21Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.

7.21New bhikkhus, friends, are praiseworthy in these three respects.

7.22Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.

7.22To this extent, friends, while the teacher dwells secluded [pavivittassa], the disciples train in seclusion [viveka].

8.1Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako.

8.1There, friends, greed is bad and hatred is bad.

8.2Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.

8.2For the abandoning of greed and the abandoning of hatred there is a middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna.

8.3Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?

8.3And what, friends, is that middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna?

8.4Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—

8.4It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:

8.5sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.

8.5right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right sati, right samādhi.

8.6Ayaṁ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.

8.6This, friends, is that middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna.

9-15.1Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako …pe…

9-15.1There, friends, anger is bad and resentment is bad …

9-15.2makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako,

9-15.2denigration is bad and rivalry is bad,

9-15.3issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṁ,

9-15.3jealousy is bad and stinginess is bad,

9-15.4māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṁ,

9-15.4deceit is bad and craftiness is bad,

9-15.5thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako,

9-15.5stubbornness is bad and aggression is bad,

9-15.6māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako,

9-15.6conceit is bad and arrogance is bad,

9-15.7mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako.

9-15.7intoxication is bad and heedlessness is bad.

9-15.8Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.

9-15.8For the abandoning of intoxication and the abandoning of heedlessness there is a middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna.

9-15.9Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?

9-15.9And what, friends, is that middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna?

9-15.10Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—

9-15.10It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:

9-15.11sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.

9-15.11right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right sati, right samādhi.

9-15.12Ayaṁ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattatī”ti.

9-15.12This, friends, is that middle way that gives rise to vision and gives rise to knowledge, leading to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nibbāna.”

9-15.13Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto.

9-15.13This is what Venerable Sāriputta said.

9-15.14Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

9-15.14Those bhikkhus were glad and delighted in Venerable Sāriputta’s words.

9-15.15Dhammadāyādasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.

9-15.15The third, “Heirs in dhamma,” is finished.